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Work - Adult Unemployment
Unemployment rate, by sex
Table 5d. Adult unemployment | ||||||
Last update: December 2012 | ||||||
Adult (15+) unemployment rate | ||||||
Country or area | Year | Men | Women | Source | ||
Afghanistan | 2005 | 7,6 | 9,5 | HS | ||
Albania | 2009 | a | 12,2 | 15,9 | LFS | |
Algeria | 2010 | 8,1 | 19,1 | LFS | ||
American Samoa | 2000 | b | 4,9 | 6,0 | PC | |
Anguilla | 2002 | c,d | 6,3 | 9,5 | HS | |
Antigua and Barbuda | 2001 | 8,0 | 8,8 | PC | ||
Argentina | 2011 | e | 6,2 | 8,5 | LFS | |
Aruba | 2007 | 5,0 | 6,5 | HS | ||
Australia | 2011 | d | 4,9 | 5,3 | LFS | |
Austria | 2011 | 4,0 | 4,3 | LFS | ||
Azerbaijan | 2011 | d | 4,5 | 6,4 | LFS | |
Bahamas | 2011 | 13,6 | 13,7 | LFS | ||
Bahrain | 2004 | 5,6 | 20,0 | LFS | ||
Bangladesh | 2009 | 4,2 | 7,4 | LFS | ||
Barbados | 2011 | 9,8 | 12,5 | HS | ||
Belgium | 2011 | 7,1 | 7,2 | ELFS | ||
Benin | 2002 | 0,9 | 0,4 | PC | ||
Bermuda | 2000 | 3,1 | 2,3 | PC | ||
Bhutan | 2011 | 1,8 | 4,5 | LFS | ||
Bolivia | 2009 | 2,6 | 4,4 | HS | ||
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2011 | 26,0 | 29,9 | LFS | ||
Botswana | 2006 | f,g | 15,3 | 19,9 | HS | |
Brazil | 2009 | 6,1 | 11,0 | LFS | ||
Brunei Darussalam | 1991 | 3,7 | 6,7 | PC | ||
Bulgaria | 2011 | 12,3 | 10,0 | ELFS | ||
Burundi | 1990 | 0,7 | 0,3 | PC | ||
Cambodia | 2011 | a | 0,3 | 0,1 | SES | |
Cameroon | 2010 | h | 3,1 | 4,5 | LFS | |
Canada | 2011 | d,i | 7,8 | 7,0 | LFS | |
Cape Verde | 1990 | 23,3 | 22,6 | PC | ||
Cayman Islands | 2008 | d | 3,8 | 4,1 | HS | |
Chad | 1993 | a | 1,1 | 0,3 | PC | |
Chile | 2011 | 6,1 | 8,7 | LFS | ||
China, Hong Kong SAR | 2011 | d,j | 3,9 | 2,8 | LFS | |
China, Macao SAR | 2011 | b,d | 3,0 | 2,1 | LFS | |
Colombia | 2010 | h | 9,1 | 15,0 | HS | |
Comoros | 1991 | g | 21,3 | 16,9 | PC | |
Cook Islands | 2001 | 11,7 | 14,8 | PC | ||
Costa Rica | 2011 | 6,0 | 10,3 | HS | ||
Croatia | 2011 | 13,7 | 13,2 | ELFS | ||
Cuba | 2010 | k | 2,4 | 2,7 | HS | |
Cyprus | 2011 | 7,8 | 7,7 | ELFS | ||
Czech Republic | 2011 | 5,8 | 7,9 | LFS | ||
Denmark | 2011 | 7,7 | 7,5 | ELFS | ||
Djibouti | 2002 | 54,6 | 68,6 | OE | ||
Dominica | 2001 | 12,0 | 9,5 | PC | ||
Dominican Republic | 2010 | 9,3 | 16,4 | HS | ||
Egypt | 2010 | a,d | 4,9 | 22,6 | HS | |
El Salvador | 2010 | b | 8,4 | 5,1 | HS | |
Equatorial Guinea | 1983 | l | 27,4 | 18,5 | PC | |
Estonia | 2011 | m | 13,1 | 11,8 | ELFS | |
Ethiopia | 2006 | d,n | 11,7 | 22,6 | HS | |
Faeroe Islands | 2005 | b | 2,6 | 3,9 | HS | |
Fiji | 2007 | 6,4 | 12,9 | PC | ||
Finland | 2011 | m | 8,3 | 7,1 | LFS | |
France | 2011 | 8,8 | 9,7 | ELFS | ||
Gabon | 1993 | 19,1 | 16,1 | PC | ||
Georgia | 2011 | d | 16,7 | 13,1 | HS | |
Germany | 2011 | 6,2 | 5,6 | LFS | ||
Ghana | 2006 | a | 3,5 | 3,6 | LSS | |
Gibraltar | 1991 | 7,7 | 4,0 | PC | ||
Greece | 2011 | 14,9 | 21,4 | ELFS | ||
Greenland | 2006 | 10,0 | 6,7 | OE | ||
Grenada | 2001 | 9,6 | 10,9 | HS | ||
Guadeloupe | 2011 | 19,1 | 25,8 | ... | ||
Guam | 2002 | b,d | 12,8 | 9,8 | HS | |
Guatemala | 2011 | o | 2,9 | 6,6 | LFS | |
Guinea | 1994 | p,o | 4,6 | 1,7 | HS | |
Guyana | 2011 | j | 17,2 | 25,7 | ... | |
Haiti | 1999 | 6,2 | 8,3 | HS | ||
Honduras | 2010 | 4,3 | 5,6 | HS | ||
Hungary | 2011 | m | 11,0 | 10,9 | LFS | |
Iceland | 2011 | q | 7,8 | 6,2 | LFS | |
India | 2010 | r,s | 3,3 | 4,3 | HS | |
Iran, Islamic Republic of | 2008 | 9,1 | 16,8 | HS | ||
Iraq | 2006 | 16,2 | 22,5 | HS | ||
Ireland | 2011 | 17,4 | 10,6 | ELFS | ||
Isle of Man | 2006 | 2,8 | 2,0 | PC | ||
Israel | 2011 | 5,6 | 5,6 | LFS | ||
Italy | 2011 | 7,6 | 9,6 | ELFS | ||
Jamaica | 2011 | t | 9,6 | 17,2 | LFS | |
Japan | 2011 | 4,8 | 4,1 | LFS | ||
Jordan | 2011 | 11,0 | 21,2 | LFS | ||
Kazakhstan | 2011 | d | 4,6 | 6,2 | LFS | |
Kosovo | 2009 | a,d | 56,4 | 40,7 | LFS | |
Kuwait | 2005 | 2,0 | 1,8 | PC | ||
Kyrgyzstan | 2008 | 7,3 | 9,4 | HS | ||
Lao People's Democratic Republic | 2005 | 1,3 | 1,4 | PC | ||
Latvia | 2011 | m | 17,6 | 13,1 | ELFS | |
Lebanon | 2007 | 8,6 | 10,1 | HS | ||
Lesotho | 2008 | a | 23,0 | 28,0 | LFS | |
Liberia | 2010 | 3,4 | 4,1 | LFS | ||
Lithuania | 2011 | 17,8 | 13,0 | ELFS | ||
Luxembourg | 2011 | 3,8 | 6,3 | ELFS | ||
Madagascar | 2005 | d | 1,7 | 3,5 | HS | |
Malawi | 2004 | c,o | 5,4 | 10,0 | HS | |
Malaysia | 2010 | a | 3,3 | 3,6 | LFS | |
Maldives | 2006 | f | 7,9 | 23,8 | PC | |
Mali | 2004 | 7,2 | 10,9 | HS | ||
Malta | 2011 | 6,1 | 7,0 | ELFS | ||
Marshall Islands | 1999 | 27,6 | 37,3 | PC | ||
Martinique | 2011 | j | 19,0 | 22,5 | ... | |
Mauritania | 2008 | a,d | 23,9 | 44,0 | HS | |
Mauritius | 2011 | b | 5,2 | 12,3 | LFS | |
Mexico | 2011 | 5,3 | 5,2 | LFS | ||
Monaco | 2000 | v,u | 2,5 | 5,2 | PC | |
Mongolia | 2005 | w | 3,0 | 3,6 | OE | |
Montenegro | 2011 | 19,5 | 20,0 | LFS | ||
Morocco | 2011 | 8,4 | 10,2 | LFS | ||
Mozambique | 1997 | p | 3,4 | 1,3 | PC | |
Myanmar | 1990 | h,o | 4,7 | 8,8 | HS | |
Namibia | 2008 | 32,5 | 43,0 | LFS | ||
Nepal | 2008 | 3,1 | 2,4 | LFS | ||
Netherlands | 2011 | 4,5 | 4,4 | ELFS | ||
Netherlands Antilles | 2008 | x | 8,0 | 12,5 | HS | |
New Zealand | 2011 | d,y | 6,3 | 6,8 | LFS | |
Nicaragua | 2010 | 7,4 | 8,8 | HS | ||
Niger | 2001 | 1,7 | 0,9 | PC | ||
Nigeria | 1986 | d | 3,7 | 4,4 | HS | |
Northern Mariana Islands | 2005 | b | 7,3 | 5,8 | HS | |
Norway | 2011 | m | 3,4 | 3,1 | LFS | |
Occupied Palestinian Territory | 2010 | 23,1 | 26,8 | LFS | ||
Pakistan | 2008 | d | 4,0 | 8,7 | HS | |
Palau | 2005 | b | 3,7 | 4,9 | PC | |
Panama | 2011 | 4,2 | 4,9 | HS | ||
Papua New Guinea | 2000 | h,c | 4,3 | 1,3 | PC | |
Paraguay | 2011 | h,z | 4,4 | 7,4 | HS | |
Peru | 2011 | t,a1 | 5,8 | 10,1 | HS | |
Poland | 2011 | 9,0 | 10,4 | LFS | ||
Portugal | 2011 | 12,4 | 13,1 | LFS | ||
Puerto Rico | 2011 | d,b | 18,2 | 12,8 | LFS | |
Qatar | 2011 | 0,2 | 3,3 | LFS | ||
Republic of Korea | 2011 | d | 3,6 | 3,1 | LFS | |
Republic of Moldova | 2011 | 7,7 | 5,6 | LFS | ||
Réunion | 2011 | j | 27,6 | 31,8 | ... | |
Romania | 2011 | 7,9 | 6,8 | ELFS | ||
Russian Federation | 2011 | b1 | 7,0 | 6,2 | LFS | |
Rwanda | 1996 | a | 0,9 | 0,4 | HS | |
Saint Helena | 1998 | c1 | 20,2 | 15,1 | PC | |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 2001 | 4,3 | 5,9 | HS | ||
Saint Lucia | 2007 | 10,0 | 18,5 | LFS | ||
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1991 | 18,3 | 21,4 | PC | ||
Samoa | 2001 | 4,4 | 6,2 | PC | ||
San Marino | 2007 | w | 1,2 | 4,5 | OE | |
Sao Tome and Principe | 2006 | w | 11,0 | 24,5 | OE | |
Saudi Arabia | 2009 | 3,5 | 15,9 | LFS | ||
Senegal | 2006 | 7,9 | 13,6 | HS | ||
Serbia | 2010 | 18,3 | 20,4 | LFS | ||
Serbia and Montenegro | 2003 | c,d1 | 14,4 | 16,4 | HS | |
Seychelles | 2005 | d | 6,1 | 4,9 | LFS | |
Sierra Leone | 2004 | 4,5 | 2,3 | PC | ||
Singapore | 2011 | e1 | 2,6 | 3,2 | LFS | |
Slovakia | 2011 | 13,5 | 13,5 | LFS | ||
Slovenia | 2011 | 8,2 | 8,2 | LFS | ||
Solomon Islands | 1999 | 31,0 | 33,7 | PC | ||
South Africa | 2011 | 22,3 | 27,7 | HS | ||
Spain | 2011 | b | 21,2 | 22,2 | LFS | |
Sri Lanka | 2010 | d,f1 | 3,5 | 7,7 | LFS | |
Suriname | 2004 | 7,0 | 13,7 | PC | ||
Swaziland | 1997 | 20,0 | 26,0 | PC | ||
Sweden | 2011 | q | 7,6 | 7,5 | LFS | |
Switzerland | 2011 | 3,7 | 4,5 | LFS | ||
Syrian Arab Republic | 2010 | d | 5,7 | 22,5 | LFS | |
TFYR of Macedonia | 2011 | 31,8 | 30,8 | ELFS | ||
Thailand | 2011 | d,g1 | 0,7 | 0,6 | LFS | |
Trinidad and Tobago | 2008 | 3,5 | 6,2 | HS | ||
Turkey | 2011 | d | 9,2 | 11,3 | LFS | |
Tuvalu | 2005 | 4,9 | 8,6 | PC | ||
Uganda | 2009 | h1 | 3,1 | 5,1 | HS | |
Ukraine | 2011 | 8,8 | 6,8 | LFS | ||
United Arab Emirates | 2008 | 2,0 | 12,0 | HS | ||
United Kingdom | 2011 | b | 8,4 | 7,1 | LFS | |
United Republic of Tanzania | 2006 | h | 2,8 | 5,8 | HS | |
United States | 2011 | b,d,i1 | 9,4 | 8,5 | LFS | |
Uruguay | 2011 | 4,5 | 7,7 | LFS | ||
Vanuatu | 2009 | 4,1 | 5,2 | PC | ||
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 2011 | 7,7 | 9,3 | LFS | ||
Viet Nam | 2011 | 1,7 | 2,4 | LFS | ||
Zimbabwe | 2004 | 4,2 | 4,1 | LFS | ||
|
Footnotes | |
... | Source not available |
a | Refers to age group 15-64 |
b | Refers to age group 16+ |
c | Labour force is calculated from the number of unemployed and the unemployment rate. As a result, male and female may not add to both sexes. |
d | Refers to civilian labour force. |
e | 31 urban agglomerations |
f | Excluding conscripts |
g | Refers to age group 12+ |
h | Refers to age group 10+ |
i | Excluding the territories of Yukon, Nunavut and the Northwest Territories |
j | Excluding institutional population |
k | Data for males refers to ages 17-59 and data for females to ages 17-54. |
l | Refers to age group 6+ |
m | Refers to age group 15-74 |
n | Urban areas |
o | Coverage not specified. |
p | Refers to age group 7+ |
q | Refers to age group 16-74 |
r | Excluding Leh and Kargil of Jammu and Kashmi districts, some villages in Nagaland, Andaman and Nicobar Islands |
s | Data are based on the national sample survey conducted every five years. |
t | Refers to age group 14+ |
u | The size of the Census sample tabulation is not specified. |
v | Refers to age group 17+ |
w | Age group not specified |
x | Curaçao |
y | Excluding Chathams, Antarctic Territory and other minor offshore islands |
z | Excluding the departments of Boquerón and Alto Paraguay |
a1 | Metropolitan Lima |
b1 | Refers to age group 15-72 |
c1 | Refers to age group 15-69 |
d1 | Excluding Kosovo and Metohia |
e1 | Data refer to permanent residents. |
f1 | Excluding the Northern province |
g1 | Labor force includes seasonally inactive people. Unemployment includes people available but not looking for work. |
h1 | Refers to age group 14-64 |
i1 | Excluding Puerto Rico, Guam, the US Virgin Islands and American Samoa |
Sources: |
International Labour Office, Table 8a. Unemployment (LFS), published in Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM). Also available at: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/kilm. |
HS Household or labour force survey |
LFS Labour Force Survey |
PC Population census |
SES Socio-economic survey |
OE Official estimate |
ELFS European Labour Force Survey (Eurostat) |
LSS Living standards survey |
Technical notes: |
The adult unemployment rate refers to the proportion of the adult (aged 15 years and older) labour force that is unemployed, unless otherwise specified. The unemployed are persons who are currently without work, who are currently available for work, and who are seeking or have sought work recently. The base for these statistics is the labour force (that is, the economically active portion of the population), not the total population. |
The International Conference of Labour Statisticians adopted the following definition of the unemployed as an international recommendation in 1982: All persons who during the reference period were: (1) "without work", that is, were not in paid employment or self-employment as specified by the international definition of employment; (2) "currently available for work", that is, were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference period; or (3) "seeking work", that is, had taken specific steps in a specified recent period to seek paid employment or self-employment. |
National definitions of unemployment may differ from the recommended international standard definition. The national definitions used vary from one country to another as regards inter alia age limits, reference periods, criteria for seeking work, treatment of persons temporarily laid off and of persons seeking work for the first time. Inter-country comparisons are further hampered by the variety of types of sources used to obtain information on unemployment and the differences in the scope and coverage of such sources. |
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